Cancer in Developing Countries: The Great Challenge for Oncology in the 21st Century

Preface by the Editors

Acknowledgement

Contents

Contributors

Foreword

Developing Countries

An Unequal World

Challenge and Opportunity

Cancer in Context

The Coming Plague

I. Introduction

References

II.1 The Cancer Problem in Developing Countries

References

II.2 Some Observations on the Geography of Lymphoid Neoplasms

II.2.1 Global Distribution and Pathogenesis of Lymphoid Neoplasia

II.2.2 BurkittÌs Lymphoma

II.2.3 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Young People

II.2.4 Follicular Lymphoma

II.2.5 T Cell Lymphoma

References

II.3 Bridging the Childhood Cancer Mortality Gap between Economically Developed and Low- Income Countries: Lessons from the MISPHO Experience

II.3.1 Introduction

II.3.2 General Framework

II.3.3 What Can be Done and How? The Model Case of Nicaragua.

II.3.4 MonzaÌs International School for Pediatric Hemato-Oncology (MISPHO)

II.3.5 International Initiatives

II.3.6 Lesson from the Experience

II.3.7. Conclusions

References

II.4 Transfer of Medical Technology to Developing Countries: Nicaragua - Success and Failure

II.4.1 Introduction

II.4.2 Nicaragua: Geographical and Political Facts

II.4.3 Programme Background

II.4.4 Cervical Cancer in Nicaragua

II.4.5 The Swiss-Nicaraguan Project for Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer

II.4.6 How Political Upheaval Influences Health Care: Patients Pay the Price

III.4.7 Conclusions

References

II.5 Oncology in Serbia in the Last Ten Years: 1990-2000

II.5.1 General Remarks

II.5.2 Some Epidemiological Characteristics of Cancer in Vojvodina

II.5.3 Environmental Pollution

II.5.4 Summary

References

II.6 Oncology in Albania in the Last Ten Years: 1991-2001

II.6.1 General Overview

II.6.2 Actual Situation of General Health Care in Albania

II.6.3 Oncological Care in Albania

II.6.4 Different Points of View Regarding the Oncological Situation in Albania

References

II.7 CanSupport: Pioneering Domiciliary Palliative Care in Delhi

II.7.1 Introduction

II.7.2 The Cancer Scenario in India

II.7.3 The Situation in Delhi

II.7.4 The Burden of Cancer for Palliative Care Services in Delhi

II.7.5 CanSupport: The Conception

II.7.6 CanSupport: The Organization

II.7.6 CanSupport: Our Initial Experience

II.7.7 CanSupport: The Future

References

II.8 Developing Palliative Care in Kerala

II.8.1 Introduction

II.8.2 Methods

II.8.3 Results

II.8.4 Discussion

References

II.9 Breaking the Vicious Cycle that Hinders Cancer Control in Developing Countries

II.9.1 Introduction

II.9.2 The Vicious Cycle Encountered in Developing Countries

II.9.3 Addressing the Problem

II.9.4 Simplifying Therapy Ò Realistic or Retrogressive?

II.9.5 The Importance of Clinical Research in Developing Countries

II.9.6 The Need for Cooperation

II.9.7 Summary

References

III. Audit in Oncology in the Third World

III.1 The Growing Burden of Cancer: Incidence and Mortality

III.2 Risk Factors and Prevention: Do We Use the Chance?

III.3 Cancer Detection: Early or Too Late?

III.4 Treatment of Cancer: A Perspective

III.5 Palliative Care: The Most Urgent and Most Rapid Way to Less Suffering

References

IV. Conclusions and Strategies for Reducing Cancer Mortality in Developing Countries