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Wireless Communications & Networking
von: Vijay Garg
Elsevier Trade Monographs, 2007
ISBN: 9780080549071 , 840 Seiten
Format: PDF, ePUB, OL
Kopierschutz: DRM
Preis: 76,95 EUR
Cover Page
1
Wireless Communications and Networking
4
Copyright Page
5
Table of Contents
8
About the Author
24
Preface
26
Chapter 1. An Overview of Wireless Systems
30
1.1 Introduction
30
1.2 First- and Second-Generation Cellular Systems
31
1.3 Cellular Communications from 1G to 3G
34
1.4 Road Map for Higher Data Rate Capability in 3G
37
1.5 Wireless 4G Systems
43
1.6 Future Wireless Networks
44
1.7 Standardization Activities for Cellular Systems
46
1.8 Summary
48
Problems
49
References
49
Chapter 2. Teletraffic Engineering
52
2.1 Introduction
52
2.2 Service Level
52
2.3 Traffic Usage
53
2.4 Traffic Measurement Units
54
2.5 Call Capacity
59
2.6 Definitions of Terms
61
2.7 Data Collection
65
2.8 Office Engineering Considerations
65
2.9 Traffic Types
67
2.10 Blocking Formulas
68
2.11 Summary
72
Problems
73
References
74
Chapter 3. Radio Propagation and Propagation Path-Loss Models
76
3.1 Introduction
76
3.2 Free-Space Attenuation
77
3.3 Attenuation over Reflecting Surface
79
3.4 Effect of Earth’s Curvature
82
3.5 Radio Wave Propagation
83
3.6 Characteristics of a Wireless Channel
87
3.7 Signal Fading Statistics
91
3.8 Level Crossing Rate and Average Fade Duration
94
3.9 Propagation Path-Loss Models
95
3.10 Indoor Path-Loss Models
104
3.11 Fade Margin
105
3.12 Link Margin
108
3.13 Summary
110
Problems
111
References
112
Chapter 4. An Overview of Digital Communication and Transmission
114
4.1 Introduction
114
4.2 Baseband Systems
116
4.3 Messages, Characters, and Symbols
116
4.4 Sampling Process
117
4.5 Voice Communication
126
4.6 Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM)
127
4.7 Pulse Code Modulation
129
4.8 Shannon Limit
131
4.9 Modulation
132
4.10 Performance Parameters of Coding and Modulation Scheme
134
4.11 Power Limited and Bandwidth-Limited Channel
137
4.12 Nyquist Bandwidth
138
4.13 OSI Model
141
4.14 Data Communication Services
142
4.15 Multiplexing
144
4.16 Transmission Media
145
4.17 Transmission Impairments
147
4.18 Summary
149
Problems
150
References
150
Chapter 5. Fundamentals of Cellular Communications
152
5.1 Introduction
152
5.2 Cellular Systems
152
5.3 Hexagonal Cell Geometry
154
5.4 Cochannel Interference Ratio
160
5.5 Cellular System Design in Worst-Case Scenario with an Omnidirectional Antenna
163
5.6 Cochannel Interference Reduction
165
5.7 Directional Antennas in Seven-Cell Reuse Pattern
166
5.8 Cell Splitting
170
5.9 Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI)
173
5.10 Segmentation
173
5.11 Summary
174
Problems
175
References
176
Chapter 6. Multiple Access Techniques
178
6.1 Introduction
178
6.2 Narrowband Channelized Systems
179
6.3 Spectral Efficiency
185
6.4 Wideband Systems
192
6.5 Comparisons of FDMA, TDMA, and DS-CDMA
195
6.6 Capacity of a DS-CDMA System
197
6.7 Comparison of DS-CDMA vs. TDMA System Capacity
200
6.8 Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum with M-ary Frequency Shift Keying
201
6.9 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
202
6.10 Multicarrier DS-CDMA (MC-DS-CDMA)
204
6.11 Random Access Methods
205
6.12 Idle Signal Casting Multiple Access
213
6.13 Packet Reservation Multiple Access
213
6.14 Error Control Schemes for Link Layer
214
6.15 Summary
217
Problems
218
References
219
Chapter 7. Architecture of a Wireless Wide-Area Network (WWAN)
222
7.1 Introduction
222
7.2 WWAN Subsystem Entities
223
7.3 Logical Channels
228
7.4 Channel and Frame Structure
230
7.5 Basic Signal Characteristics
232
7.6 Speech Processing
232
7.7 Power Levels in Mobile Station
237
7.8 GSM Public Land Mobile Network Services
238
7.9 Summary
241
Problems
242
References
242
Chapter 8. Speech Coding and Channel Coding
244
8.1 Introduction
244
8.2 Speech Coding
244
8.3 Speech Codecs in European Systems
251
8.4 CELP Speech Codec
256
8.5 Enhanced Variable Rate Codec
259
8.6 Channel Coding
262
8.7 Summary
275
Problems
276
References
276
Chapter 9. Modulation Schemes
278
9.1 Introduction
278
9.2 Introduction to Modulation
278
9.3 Phase Shift Keying
286
9.4 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
301
9.5 M-ary Frequency Shift Keying
304
9.6 Modulation Selection
307
9.7 Synchronization
307
9.8 Equalization
311
9.9 Summary
313
Problems
313
References
314
Chapter 10. Antennas, Diversity, and Link Analysis
316
10.1 Introduction
316
10.2 Antenna System
316
10.3 Antenna Gain
317
10.4 Performance Criteria of Antenna Systems
322
10.5 Relationship between Directivity, Gain, and Beam Width of an Antenna
324
10.6 Diversity
329
10.7 Combining Methods
331
10.8 Rake Receiver
339
10.9 Link Budgets
341
10.10 Summary
343
Problems
344
References
344
Chapter 11. Spread Spectrum (SS) and CDMA Systems
346
11.1 Introduction
346
11.2 Concept of Spread Spectrum
346
11.3 System Processing Gain
350
11.4 Requirements of Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum
357
11.5 Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum Systems
358
11.6 Operational Advantages of SS Modulation
362
11.7 Coherent Binary Phase-Shift Keying DSSS
364
11.8 Quadrature Phase-Shift Keying DSSS
366
11.9 Bit Scrambling
368
11.10 Requirements of Spreading Codes
370
11.11 Multipath Path Signal Propagation and Rake Receiver
371
11.12 Critical Challenges of CDMA
376
11.13 TIA IS-95 CDMA System
376
11.14 Power Control in CDMA
385
11.15 Softer and Soft Handoff
390
11.16 Summary
393
Problems
393
References
395
Chapter 12. Mobility Management in Wireless Networks
398
12.1 Introduction
398
12.2 Mobility Management Functions
399
12.3 Mobile Location Management
400
12.4 Mobile Registration
405
12.5 Handoff
413
12.6 Summary
422
Problems
423
References
423
Chapter 13. Security in Wireless Systems
426
13.1 Introduction
426
13.2 Security and Privacy Needs of a Wireless System
428
13.3 Required Features for a Secured Wireless Communications System
436
13.4 Methods of Providing Privacy and Security in Wireless Systems
436
13.5 Wireless Security and Standards
438
13.6 IEEE 802.11 Security
438
13.7 Security in North American Cellular/PCS Systems
440
13.8 Security in GSM, GPRS, and UMTS
444
13.9 Data Security
449
13.10 Air Interface Support for Authentication Methods
458
13.11 Summary of Security in Current Wireless Systems
459
13.12 Summary
461
Problems
461
References
462
Chapter 14. Mobile Network and Transport Layer
464
14.1 Introduction
464
14.2 Concept of the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Suite in Internet
465
14.3 Network Layer in the Internet
468
14.4 TCP/IP Suite
475
14.5 Transmission Control Protocol
477
14.6 Mobile IP (MIP) and Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
486
14.7 Internet Reference Model
493
14.8 Summary
494
Problems
494
References
495
Chapter 15. Wide-Area Wireless Networks (WANs) — GSM Evolution
498
15.1 Introduction
498
15.2 GSM Evolution for Data
499
15.3 Third-Generation (3G) Wireless Systems
518
15.4 UMTS Network Reference Architecture
524
15.5 Channel Structure in UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
526
15.6 Spreading and Scrambling in UMTS
533
15.7 UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network Overview
535
15.8 UMTS Core Network Architecture
547
15.9 Adaptive Multi-Rate Codec for UMTS
552
15.10 UMTS Bearer Service
553
15.11 QoS Management
555
15.12 Quality of Service in UMTS
557
15.13 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)
559
15.14 Freedom of Mobile multimedia Access (FOMA)
565
15.15 Summary
566
Problems
567
References
568
Chapter 16. Wide-Area Wireless Networks — cdmaOne Evolution
570
16.1 Introduction
570
16.2 cdma2000 Layering Structure
573
16.3 Forward Link Physical Channels of cdma2000
579
16.4 Forward Link Features
582
16.5 Reverse Link Physical Channels of cdma2000
591
16.6 Evolution of cdmaOne (IS-95) to cdma2000
597
16.7 Technical Differences between cdma2000 and WCDMA
615
16.8 Summary
616
Problems
621
References
621
Chapter 17. Planning and Design of Wide-Area Wireless Networks
624
17.1 Introduction
624
17.2 Planning and Design of a Wireless Network
625
17.3 Radio Design for a Cellular Network
629
17.4 Receiver Sensitivity and Link Budget
631
17.5 cdma2000 1X EV-DO
644
17.6 High-Speed Downlink Packet Access
649
17.7 Iub Interface Dimensioning
653
17.8 Radio Network Controller Dimensioning
653
17.9 Summary
655
Problems
655
References
658
Chapter 18. Wireless Application Protocol
660
18.1 Introduction
660
18.2 WAP and the World Wide Web (WWW)
660
18.3 Introduction to Wireless Application Protocol
661
18.4 The WAP Programming Model
662
18.5 WAP Architecture
665
18.6 Traditional WAP Networking Environment
672
18.7 WAP Advantages and Disadvantages
674
18.8 Applications of WAP
675
18.9 imode
676
18.10 imode versus WAP
678
18.11 Summary
679
Problems
679
References
679
Chapter 19. Wireless Personal Area Network—Bluetooth
682
19.1 Introduction
682
19.2 The Wireless Personal Area Network
683
19.3 Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1)
685
19.4 Definitions of the Terms Used in Bluetooth
688
19.5 Bluetooth Protocol Stack
689
19.6 Bluetooth Link Types
692
19.7 Bluetooth Security
695
19.8 Network Connection Establishment in Bluetooth
698
19.9 Error Correction in Bluetooth
699
19.10 Network Topology in Bluetooth
700
19.11 Bluetooth Usage Models
700
19.12 Bluetooth Applications
701
19.13 WAP and Bluetooth
702
19.14 Summary
702
Problems
702
References
703
Chapter 20. Wireless Personal Area Networks: Low Rate and High Rate
704
20.1 Introduction
704
20.2 Wireless Sensor Network
704
20.3 Usage of Wireless Sensor Networks
707
20.4 Wireless Sensor Network Model
707
20.5 Sensor Network Protocol Stack
712
20.6 ZigBee Technology
717
20.7 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPAN Device Architecture
720
20.8 IEEE 802.15.3a — Ultra WideBand
732
20.9 Radio Frequency Identification
736
20.10 Summary
739
Problems
739
References
740
Chapter 21. Wireless Local Area Networks
742
21.1 Introduction
742
21.2 WLAN Equipment
745
21.3 WLAN Topologies
746
21.4 WLAN Technologies
748
21.5 IEEE 802.11 WLAN
750
21.6 Joining an Existing Basic Service Set
773
21.7 Security of IEEE 802.11 Systems
776
21.8 Power Management
776
21.9 IEEE 802.11b — High Rate DSSS
777
21.10 IEEE 802.11n
778
21.11 Other WLAN Standards
781
21.12 Performance of a Bluetooth Piconet in the Presence of IEEE 802.11 WLANs
788
21.13 Interference between Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11
792
21.14 IEEE 802.16
794
21.15 World Interoperability for MicroAccess, Inc. (WiMAX)
796
21.16 Summary
801
Problems
803
References
804
Appendix A. Traffic Tables
806
Acronyms
816
Index
836
Chapter 22. Interworking between Wireless Local Area Networks and 3G Wireless Wide Area Networks
852
22.1 Introduction
852
22.2 Interworking Objectives and Requirements
853
22.3 Interworking Schemes to Connect WLANs and 3G Networks
854
22.4 De Facto WLAN System Architecture
856
22.5 Session Mobility
858
22.6 Interworking Architectures for WLAN and GPRS
859
22.7 System Description with Tight Coupling
860
22.8 System Description with Loose Coupling
868
22.9 Local Multipoint Distribution Service
877
22.10 Multichannel Multipoint Distribution System
880
22.11 Summary
882
Problems
883
References
883
Chapter 23. Fourth Generation Systems and New Wireless Technologies
886
23.1 Introduction
886
23.2 4G Vision
887
23.3 4G Features and Challenges
888
23.4 Applications of 4G
892
23.5 4G Technologies
892
23.6 Summary
906
Problems
906
References
907
Appendix B. Path Loss over a Reflecting Surface
908
Appendix C. Error Functions
912
Appendix D. Spreading Codes Used in CDMA
916
Appendix E. Power Units
926
Index
928
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