A History of Transplantation Immunology

Front Cover

A History of Transplantation Immunology

Copyright Page

Contents

Preface

Foreword

Dedication

Acknowledgements

A Note on Nomenclature

Chapter 1. Landmarks in Immunology

The Great Early Pioneers

The Discovery of Blood Group Antigens

P.B. Medawar and the Immunologic Basis of Allograft Rejection

Tolerance and Autoimmunity

The Development of Cellular Immunology

Concurrent Developments on the Antibody Front

Theories of Antibody Formation

Some Other Important Developments

References

Biographies

Chapter 2. The Immunologic Basis of Allograft Rejection

The Early Years

Rejection Mechanisms

The Chemical Nature of Alloantingens

Immunogenicity, the concept of the Passenger Leukocyte, and Antigen Presentation

Immunologically Privileged Sites

Are Invertebrates Capable of Allograft Reactivity?

References

Biographies

Chapter 3. Blood Transfusion, Blood Groups and Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Blood Transfusion Before the Birth of Immunology

Karl Landsteiner's Vital Discoveries

Graft-Versus-Host Reactions After Blood Transfusions

The Discovery of the Rh System and Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Prevention of Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

References

Chapter 4. Immunogenetics: Histocompatibility Antigens – Structure and Function

The Seminal Influence of Gorer and Snell

H-2: its complexity unravelled

The Two Locus Model of H-2: Controversy and Resolution

The Early History of HLA

Further Development of the HLA System

Chemical Structure: Enter the Biochemists and Molecular Biologists

The Function of Histocompatibility Antigens

The "Minor" Histocompatibility Antigens: Minor but Important?

An Apology and a Comment

References

Biographies

Chapter 5. Fetally and Neonatally Induced Immunologic Tolerance

Evidence from Embryology

The Cattle Story. Vital Landmarks and the Concept of Self/Non-Self

Experimental Verification of the Tolerance Concept

Mechanisms of Tolerance

Allogenic Tolerance and Self-tolerance

Is Tolerance Inherited?

Conclusions

Addendum

References

Biographies

Chapter 6. Immunoregulation: The Search for the Holy Grail

The Phenomenon of Immunologic Enhancement

Enter Microvascular Surgery and the Rat Kidney Allograft

Enhancement/Tolerance of Rat Kidneys

Anti-Lymphocyte Serum (ALS)

The Introduction of Monoclonal Antibody Technology:

Suppressor Cells

Other Interesting Models for the Induction of Tolerance

Conclusion

References

Biographies

Chapter 7. Clinical Aspects and Immunosuppression

The Dawn of "Modern" Kidney Allotransplantation

The Advent of Immunosuppressive Drugs

A Note on the Evolution of Cardiac and Liver Transplantation

The Blood Transfusion Effect

Chimerism and Tolerance

References

Biographies

Chapter 8. Graft-versus-Host Disease and Bone Marrow Transplantation

Secondary (or Homologous) Disease in Lethally Irradiated Mice

The Discovery of Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

The Nature of the Anti-Host Response

Some Clinical Aspects of Bone Marrow Transplantation

Concluding Comments

References

Biographies

Chapter 9. Xenotransplantation

An Ancient Dream of the Pioneer Surgeons

The Middle Era: the Dream Revived

The Modern Era

Conclusion

References

Biographies

Chapter 10. The Mammalian Fetus: Nature's (Almost) Perfect Allograft

Does the Fetus Lack Antigens?

Is the Placenta a Cell-impermeable Barrier?

Does Fetal Trophoblast Lack Paternal Antigens, or are they Masked?

The Uterus as an Immunologically Privileged Site

Physiologic and Immunologic Changes in the Pregnant Female

Specific Immunoregulation

Tolerance in Pregnancy?

Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions: do they have an Immunologic Cause?

Conclusion

References

Chapter 11. The Interaction between Immunology and Transplant Surgery (and Other Matters)

The Contribution of Transplantation Immunology to Basic Immunology

The Impact of the Surgeons

The Contribution of Transplantation Immunology to Clinical Transplantation

Other Matters

References

Subject Index

Author Index