Your Wish is My Command - Programming By Example

Front Cover

Your Wish Is My Command: Programming by Example

Copyright Page

Contents

Foreword

Introduction

Chapter 1. Novice Programming Comes of Age

Abstract

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Programming without a Textual Programming Language

1.3 Theoretical Foundations

1.4 Empirical Evidence

1.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 2. Generalizing by Removing Detail: How Any Program Can Be Created by Working with Examples

Abstract

2.1 Introduction

2.2 A Brief Introduction to ToonTalk

2.3 An Example of Programming by Example

2.4 Discussion

2.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 3. Demonstrational Interfaces: Sometimes You Need a Little Intelligence, Sometimes You Need a Lot

Abstract

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Our Demonstrational Systems

3.3 Level of Intelligence

3.4 Feedback

3.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 4. Web Browsing by Example

Abstract

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Underlying Problems of PBE

4.3 Web Browsing: Good Domain for PBE

4.4 Internet Scrapbook

4.5 SmallBrowse: Web-Browsing Interface for Small-Screen Computers

4.6 Discussion

4.7 Conclusion

Appendix: Copying HTML Data from Web Browser to Scrapbook

References

Chapter 5. Trainable Information Agents for the Web

Abstract

5.1 Introduction

5.2 An Application Scenario

5.3 The HyQL Query Language

5.4 The Training Dialogue

5.5 Lessons Learned

5.6 The Communication Problem

5.7 Another Application Scenario

5.8 Related Work (Non-PBE)

5.9 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 6. End Users and GIS: A Demonstration Is Worth a Thousand Words

Abstract

6.1 Introduction

6.2 A Story of End Users and GIS

6.3 Why Is GIS Software So Hard to Use?

6.4 Are Things Improving for GIS Users?

6.5 How Can Programming by Demonstration Help?

6.6 A Programming-by-Demonstration Approach for GIS: C-SPRL

6.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 7. Bringing Programming by Demonstration to CAD Users

Abstract

7.1 Introduction

7.2 PBD and CAD

7.3 Toward a Complete Solution

7.4 True Explicit PBD Solutions

7.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 8. Demonstrating the Hidden Features that Make an Application Work

Abstract

8.1 Introduction

8.2 The Perils of Plain Demonstration

8.3 Who Is Actually Programming?

8.4 Giving the System Hints

8.5 The Programming Environment Matters

8.6 Conclusion

References

Chapter 9. A Reporting Tool Using Programming by Example for Format Designation

Abstract

9.1 Introduction

9.2 System Overview

9.3 User Interface of Format Editor

9.4 Extracting Formatting Rules

9.5 Generating Reports

9.6 Example of the Process

9.7 Evaluation

9.8 Conclusion

References

Chapter 10. Composition by Example

Abstract

10.1 Introduction

10.2 PBE-Based Text Editing Systems

10.3 Dynamic Macro: A PBE-Based Text Editing System

10.4 POBox: A PBE-Based Text Input System

10.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 11. Learning Repetitive Text-Editing Procedures with SMARTedit

Abstract

11.1 Introduction

11.2 The SMARTedit User Interface

11.3 The Smarts behind SMARTedit

11.4 Choosing the Most Likely Action

11.5 Making SMARTedit a More Intelligent Student

11.6 Other Directions for SMARTedit

11.7 Comparison with Other Text-Editing PBD Systems

11.8 Conclusion

References

Chapter 12. Training Agents to Recognize Text by Example

Abstract

12.1 Text Recognition Agents

12.2 Writing Conventional Grammars as Text

12.3 Programming Grammars by Example for More Accessibility

12.4 Grammex: A Demonstrational Interface for Grammar Definition

12.5 An Example: Defining a Grammar for Email Addresses

12.6 Rule Definitions from Multiple Examples

12.7 Future Work: Using Grammar Induction to Speed Up the Definition Process

12.8 Related Work

12.9 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 13. SWYN: A Visual Representation for Regular Expressions

Abstract

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Other PBE Systems for Inferring Regular Expressions

13.3 A User Interface for Creating Regular Expressions from Examples

13.4 A Heuristic Algorithm for Regular Expression Inference

13.5 A Visual Notation for Regular Expressions

13.6 An Integrated Facility for Regular Expression Creation

13.7 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 14. Learning Users' Habits to Automate Repetitive Tasks

Abstract

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Overview of APE

14.3 Illustrative Examples

14.4 Detecting Repetitive Tasks

14.5 Learning a User's Habits

14.6 Use and Experimental Results

14.7 Conclusion

References

Chapter 15. Domain-Independent Programming by Demonstration in Existing Applications

Abstract

15.1 Introduction

15.2 What Familiar Does

15.3 Platform Requirements

15.4 AppleScript: A Commercial Platform

15.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 16. Stimulus-Response PBD: Demonstrating "When" as well as "What"

Abstract

16.1 Introduction

16.2 The Syntax of Stimulus-Response

16.3 The Semantics of Stimulus-Response

16.4 Feedback and Editing

16.5 Conclusion

References

Chapter 17. Pavlov: Where PBD Meets Macromedia's Director

Abstract

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Example

17.3 Objects that React Asynchronously to Events

17.4 Conclusion

References

Chapter 18. Programming by Analogous Examples

Abstract

18.1 Introduction

18.2 The GUI to Program Chasm

18.3 Programming by Analogous Examples

18.4 Discussion

18.5 Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Chapter 19. Visual Generalization in Programming by Example

Abstract

19.1 If You Can See It, You Should Be Able to Program It

19.2 What Does Visual Generalization Buy Us?

19.3 Low-Level Visual Generalization

19.4 High-Level Visual Generalization

19.5 Introducing Novel Generalizations: Generalizing on Grids

19.6 Conclusion

References

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