Pervasive Computing - Innovations in Intelligent Multimedia and Applications

Pervasive Computing

Part I Intelligent Multimedia and Pervasive Systems

1 Wireless Adaptive Therapeutic TeleGaming in a Pervasive Computing Environment

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Automatic Tracking and Assessment System

1.2.1 Instrumenting Exercise Objects

1.2.2 Task Variability

1.2.3 ATA PORTAL

1.3 Intellect of the ATA: Gaming System

1.3.1 Targets and Distractors

1.3.2 Difficulty Level Controls

1.3.3 Information Recorded by Gaming System

1.4 Gaming System Adaptive Learning Methods

1.4.1 Threshold-Based Adaptive Learning

1.4.2 Ethology and the Ethogram

1.4.3 Biologically-Inspired Adaptive Learning

1.4.4 Actor-Critic Method

1.4.5 Features and Measurements

1.4.6 Approximation Spaces

1.4.7 Rough Sets

1.4.8 Average Rough Coverage

1.4.9 Approximate Space-Based Actor-Critic Method

1.5 Sample Results from Physiotherapy Gaming Sessions

1.6 Conclusion

References

2 Intelligent Behaviour Modelling and Control for Mobile Manipulators

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Prior Work

2.3 Manipulability Measure

2.3.1 Jacobian Matrix

2.3.2 Singular Value Decomposition Method

2.3.3 Manipulability Measures

2.3.4 Optimizing the Manipulability Index of Serial Manipulators Using the SVD Method

2.3.4.1 The Puma 560 Manipulator: A Case Study

2.3.5 Proposed Manipulability Measure Algorithm

2.4 Experiments

2.4.1 The Puma 560 Manipulator

2.4.2 A Six Degrees of Freedom Serial Manipulator

2.4.3 The Mitsubishi Movemaster Manipulator

2.4.4 Experimental Results

2.5 Mobile Manipulator

2.6 RISC Mobile Manipulator

2.7 Modelling of the RISC

2.7.1 The Position of the Robot

2.7.2 The velocity of the robot

2.7.3 Kinematic Constraints

2.8 Conclusions and Future Work

References

3 Resource-Aware Fuzzy Logic Control of Video Streaming over IP and Wireless Networks

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Related Work on Fuzzy Logic in Telecommunications

3.3 Fuzzy Logic Control on the Fixed Internet

3.3.1 Calculation of the Congestion Level

3.3.2 Fuzzy Logic Controller

3.3.3 Testing FLC on a Fixed Network

3.3.4 Calibration Experiments

3.3.5 Comparison with Traditional Congestion Controllers

3.4 Fuzzy Logic Control on the Wireless Internet

3.4.1 Bluetooth Background

3.4.1.1 Fuzzy Logic Control of ARQ

3.4.2 Testing FLC on a Wireless Network

3.4.2.1 Buffer Specification

3.4.2.2 Channel Specification

3.4.2.3 Simulations

3.4.2.4 Comparison with Default ARQ

3.5 Future Development: Type-2 Fuzzy Logic

3.6 Conclusion and Discussion

References

4 Indexing Video Summaries for Quick Video Browsing

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Partial Access Level

4.2.1 Classical Solution for Generating Pictorial Abstract

4.2.2 Our Solution

4.2.2.1 News Segmentation

4.2.2.2 Stories Summarization

4.3 The Quick Access Level

4.3.1 The Indexation Part

4.3.1.1 Text Extraction

4.3.1.2 Annotation Augmentation

4.3.1.3 MPEG7 to Describe News Stories Summaries

4.3.2 The Querying Part

4.4 Experiments

4.4.1 Experimental Results of the Partial Access Level

4.4.2 Experimental Results of the Quick Access Level

4.5 Conclusion

References

5 Sensorized Garment Augmented 3D Pervasive Virtual Reality System

5.1 Introduction

5.2 System Overview

5.3 Sensorized Garments – Sensor Shirt Layout

5.3.1 Sensor Shirt Stability Analysis

5.4 Pervasive Virtual Sense of Presence

5.4.1 Virtual Reality Projection System

5.4.2 Virtual Reality Software

5.4.2.1 Graphics Engine Module

5.4.2.2 Virtual Reality Engine (A Modular Design Approach)

5.5 Experience Summary and Results

5.6 Conclusion

References

6 Creating Innovative Solutions for Future Hotel Rooms with Intelligent Multimedia and Pervasive Computing

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1 Pervasive Computing

6.1.2 Hotel Rooms of the Future

6.1.3 Chapter Aim and Objectives

6.1.4 Chapter Layout

6.2 Creativity and Innovation

6.2.1 Creativity

6.2.2 Innovation

6.2.3 Incremental and Radical Innovations

6.2.4 Creating Innovations

6.2.5 Sustaining Innovation

6.3 Concept Hotels of the Future

6.3.1 Hilton's Room of the Future

6.3.1.1 Test Results

6.3.1.2 Multimedia Facilities

6.3.1.3 High-Tech Bathing

6.3.2 Self Check-in Systems

6.4 Out-of-this-World Hotels

6.4.1 Foldable Hotel Pods

6.4.2 Resort Hotels in the Stratosphere

6.4.3 Space Hotels

6.4.4 Fanciful Hotels

6.4.4.1 Ice Hotel, Quebec, Canada

6.4.4.2 L'Hotel Machet, Paris, France

6.4.4.3 Tinker-Toys Hotel, Wichita, Kansas

6.4.4.4 Hotel-O, Sydney, Australia

6.4.4.5 Disney's Pyramid on Ice, Cairo, Egypt

6.4.4.6 Invisible Hotel, Central Park, New York

6.4.5 Technology Needs of Hotel Room of the Future

6.5 Innovative Ideas for Hotel Rooms

6.5.1 Intelligent Systems in Future Hotels

6.5.1.1 Opportunities in the Future

6.5.1.2 Multimedia Delivery Technology

6.6 Conclusions

References

7 Mobile Virtual Environments in Pervasive Computing

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Related Work

7.3 Mobile Virtual Environments

7.3.1 MVE Case Study: Client-Server Remote-Rendering Application

7.4 Test-Bed Architecture for Mobile Virtual Environments

7.4.1 Simulation

7.4.2 Prototype

7.5 Modelling Decision-Making in MVEs Using Game Theory

7.5.1 Game Theory Basic Definitions

7.5.1.1 Game Examples

7.5.2 Client-Server Game

7.5.2.1 Client

7.5.2.2 Server

7.6 Conclusion and Discussion

References

Part II Ambient Intelligence and Ubiquitous Computing

8 AI Techniques in a Context-Aware Ubiquitous Environment

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Related Work

8.2.1 Context-Awareness

8.2.1.1 Context

8.2.1.2 Context-Aware Computing

8.2.2 Frameworks

8.2.2.1 Stick-e Notes

8.2.2.2 Cooltown

8.2.2.3 Context Toolkit

8.2.2.4 Sparkle

8.2.2.5 Hydrogen

8.3 The MoBe Approach

8.3.1 Motivations

8.3.2 General Architecture

8.3.3 Main Activities and Modules

8.3.3.1 Context Management

8.3.3.2 Filter and Retrieval

8.3.3.3 Personalization

8.4 Context Inference System

8.4.1 Inferring Abstract Contexts from Concrete Contexts

8.4.2 Two Approaches for the Inferential System

8.4.2.1 Rule-Based Systems

8.4.2.2 Bayesian Networks

8.4.2.3 Considerations

8.4.3 The Inferential Infrastructure

8.4.4 Critical Issues

8.5 Context-Aware Browser

8.6 Usage Scenarios

8.6.1 Implementation

8.6.2 Domotics and Automotive Scenario

8.6.3 Pervasive Multimedia Social Guide

8.7 Conclusions and Future Work

References

9 A Distributed Ambient Intelligence Based Multi-Agent System for Alzheimer Health Care

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Problem Description

9.3 Related Work

9.4 ALZ-MAS

9.4.1 Using FUSION@ to Distribute Resources

9.4.2 Technologies for Context-Awareness

9.5 Results and Conclusions

References

10 Volcano Monitoring: A Case Study in PervasiveComputing

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Literature Review

10.3 Ground Component

10.3.1 Power Management

10.3.2 Bandwidth Management

10.3.3 QoS Management

10.3.3.1 Situation Awareness

10.3.3.2 Prioritization

10.3.3.3 Link Layer Prioritization

10.3.3.4 Robustness

10.3.4 Topology and Routing Management

10.3.4.1 Sensor to Sink Routing

10.3.4.2 Reliable Broadcasting

10.3.4.3 Pipelined Sending and Receiving Between Layers for Optimization

10.3.5 Sensor Node Development

10.3.6 Smart Sensing

10.3.6.1 Sensing Module Challenges

10.4 Space Component

10.4.1 Science Products

10.5 Conclusion and Discussion

References

11 SiC: An Agent Based Architecture for Preventing and Detecting Attacks to Ubiquitous Databases

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Database Threat and Security Revision

11.3 An Architecture Based on Multiagent System

11.3.1 Communication Among Agents

11.4 Classifier Model of SQL Injection Attacks

11.4.1 Neural Network Learning Algorithm

11.5 Experimental Results and Discussion

11.6 Conclusions

References

12 HoCaMA: Home Care Hybrid Multiagent Architecture

12.1 Introduction

12.2 General Description of the Problem

12.2.1 The Pervasive Services in Home Care

12.2.2 Multiagent Architecture: State-of-the-Art

12.3 HoCaMA Architecture

12.3.1 Applications

12.3.2 Agents Platform in HoCaMA

12.3.2.1 CoAp Agent

12.3.2.2 CoSe Agent

12.3.2.3 Directory Agent

12.3.2.4 Supervisor Agent

12.3.2.5 Security Agent

12.3.2.6 Manager Agent

12.3.2.7 Interface Agent

12.3.3 Services

12.3.4 HoCaMA Communication Protocol

12.3.5 Location and Identification System in HoCaMA

12.3.5.1 Identification System, Features and Operation

12.3.6 Alert System in HoCaMA

12.3.6.1 Alert System Features

12.4 Using HoCaMA to Develop a MultiAgent System for a Home Care Environment

12.5 Results

12.6 Conclusions

References

Part III Web Service and Situation Awareness in Pervasive Computing

13 Semantic Annotation for Web Service Processes in Pervasive Computing

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Overview of the Approach: The Methodology

13.3 Annotation Technique

13.3.1 Datatype Annotation

13.3.2 Declarations

13.3.3 Global Assertions

13.3.4 Procedural Annotation

13.3.5 Assertions

13.4 Model Translation

13.5 Grounding and Model Checking

13.6 Conclusions and Discussion

References

14 Situation-Aware Adaptive Processing (SAAP) of Data Streams

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Situation-Aware Adaptive Processing (SAAP) of Data Streams

14.3 Fuzzy Situation Inference (FSI)

14.3.1 The Context Spaces (CS) Model

14.3.2 Situation Modelling

14.3.2.1 Fuzzifier

14.3.2.2 Rules

14.3.3 Situation Reasoning

14.3.3.1 Weights and Contribution Level

14.3.3.2 Sensors' Inaccuracy

14.3.3.3 Symmetric and Asymmetric Attributes

14.3.3.4 Partial and Symmetric and Asymmetric Attributes

14.4 Adaptation Engine (AE)

14.4.1 Resource-Aware Strategy

14.4.2 Situation-Aware Strategy

14.4.3 Integrated Strategy

14.5 Evaluation

14.5.1 FSI Evaluation

14.5.2 Evaluation of Situation-aware Adaptation

14.6 Conclusion

References

Part IV Pervasive Networks and E-commerce

15 A Scalable P2P Video Streaming Framework

15.1 Introduction

15.2 Centralized and Decentralized Video Streaming

15.2.1 Client/Server Streaming

15.2.2 Centralized P2P Streaming

15.2.3 Decentralized P2P Streaming

15.3 Multi-Description Video Coding

15.4 Video Frame Loss Analysis

15.4.1 Packet Loss Analysis in Client-Server Streaming

15.4.2 Packet Loss Analysis in Centralized P2P Streaming

15.4.3 Packet Loss Analysis in Decentralized P2P Streaming

15.4.4 Single Path Transmission vs. Multi-Path Transmission

15.5 Analysis

15.6 Conclusions

References

16 QoE in Pervasive Telecommunication Systems

16.1 Introduction

16.2 QoE Requirements for Pervasive Services

16.2.1 Mobility

16.2.2 Cost

16.2.3 Display Characteristics

16.2.4 Integration of Services

16.2.5 Usability Issues

16.2.6 Security and Privacy

16.2.7 Quality of Service Assurance

16.3 Case Study on QoE in a Pervasive Service

16.3.1 P2P Television Systems

16.3.2 Factors Affecting QoE for P2P Television

16.3.3 QoE Analysis of a Peer-to-Peer Television System

16.3.4 Experimental Methods

16.3.4.1 Measurement Methodology

16.3.4.2 Subjective Assessment Methodology

16.3.5 Results

16.3.5.1 Results from the Experimental Measurements

16.3.5.2 Results from the Subjective Assessment

16.4 Discussion

16.5 Conclusions

References

17 Agents Based e-Commerce and Securing Exchanged Information

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Background

17.3 Literature Review

17.4 Robust Security Techniques

17.5 Protocol Analysis

17.5.1 Protocol Formal Verification

17.5.2 Security Reasoning

17.5.3 Protocol Efficiency

17.6 Conclusions

References

18 Neighbor Selection in Peer-to-Peer Overlay Networks: A Swarm Intelligence Approach

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Related Research Work

18.3 NS Problem

18.3.1 Modeling P2P Networks

18.3.2 Metrics

18.4 Particle Swarm Heuristic for NS

18.4.1 Algorithm Design

18.4.2 Dynamic Ergodic Characteristics

18.4.3 Convergence Analysis of Multi-Swarm Algorithm

18.5 Algorithm Performance Demonstration

18.6 Conclusion

References

19 Analysis of Pervasive Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Protocols

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Taxonomy of Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Protocols

19.2.1 Approaches Based on Route Construction, Maintenance and Update Mechanisms

19.2.1.1 Proactive (Table-Driven) Routing

19.2.1.2 Reactive (On-Demand) Routing

19.2.1.3 Hybrid Routing

19.2.2 Approaches Based on Logical Organization, Network Configuration, and Utilization of Specific Resources

19.2.2.1 Uniform Routing

19.2.2.2 NonUniform Routing

19.3 An Overview of the Most Common Ad Hoc Routing Protocols

19.3.1 Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV)

19.3.2 Wireless Routing Protocol (WRP)

19.3.3 Source Tree Adaptive Routing (STAR)

19.3.4 Distance Routing Effect Algorithm for Mobility (DREAM)

19.3.5 Fisheye State Routing (FSR)

19.3.6 Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV)

19.3.7 Dynamic Source Routing (DSR)

19.3.8 Temporally Ordered Routing Algorithm (TORA)

19.3.9 Associativity-Based Routing

19.3.10 Location Aided Routing

19.3.11 Cluster-Based Routing Protocol (CBRP)

19.4 Mobile Ad Hoc Routing Protocol Requirements and Performance Evaluation Metrics

19.4.1 Characteristics of Ad Hoc Routing Protocols

19.4.2 Performance Evaluation Metrics

19.5 Performance Analysis Based on Existing Literature

19.5.1 Approaches Based on Varying Pause Time and Traffic Load

19.5.2 Approaches Based on Varying Mobility and/or Traffic Flow

19.5.3 Approaches Based on Varying Number of Nodes

19.6 Discussion

19.7 Conclusion

Abbreviations

References

Index