Philosophy of Psychology and Cognitive Science - A Volume of the Handbook of the Philosophy of Science Series

Title Page

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

General Preface

Introduction to the Philosophy of Psychology and Cognitive Science

1 Psychology and cognitive science

2 Philosophy and science

3 Epistemological issues

4 Metaphysical issues

5 Ethical issues

6 Overview of the book

List of Contributors

Representation

1 The fundamental problem of representation

2 The standard model of representing and representation

3 Representation and information

4 Representation and implementation

5 Typologies of representation

6 Varieties of representations

Bibliography

Mechanisms and Psychological Explanation

1 Introduction

2 The rise of the mechanical philosophy and its application to the mind

3 Information-processing mechanisms and their application to psychology

4 Contemporary conceptions of mechanism

5 Mechanistic explanation

6 Hierarchical mechanisms, levels of organization, and reduction

7 Discovering mechanisms

8 Mechanistic explanation in psychology: motivation and reward

9 Summary

Bibliography

Realization: Metaphysical and Scientific Perspectives

1 A servant of two masters

2 Realization and the metaphysics of mind

3 Realization and the cognitive sciences

4 A working account of realization

5 Autonomy, reduction, and multiple realization

6 Conclusion: Getting our heads together

Acknowledgements

Bibliography

Reduction: Models of Cross-Scientific Relations and their Implications for the Psychology-Neuroscience Interface

1 Introduction

2 The standard model of reduction and new wave revisionism

3 The new wave continuum of the comparative goodness of intertheoretic mapping

4 Two arguments for non-reductive materialism

5 Not so new wave reductionism (after all): mutual preoccupation with theories

6 Not so new wave reductionism (after all): Insistence on a single model

7 Explanatory pluralism in cross-scientific settings

8 Multiple realizability as an argument for (not against) reducibility

9 Mechanistic analysis as explanatory pluralism writ small

10 Heuristic identity theory and the explanatory gap objection

Bibliography

Perception Preattentive and Phenomenal

1 The architecture of early vision

2 Competition, selection, attention

3 Features and phenomenal properties

4 Preattentive phenomenal properties

5 Phenomenal consciousness, but hold the consciousness

6 Philosophical implications of divorce

7 Perceptual psychology after divorce

8 Conclusions

Bibliography

Consciousness: Phenomenal Consciousness, Access Consciousness, and Scientific Practice

1 Introduction: Consciousness and the philosophy of science

2 The phenomenological structure of phenomenal consciousness

3 Phenomenal consciousness, access consciousness, and subjective character

4 Case studies from the cognitive sciences

5 Conclusion: In defense of scientific practice

Acknowledgements

Bibliography

On Restricting the Evidence Base for Linguistics

1 Introduction

2 Jerrold katz: An ontological argument for restriction

3 Quine: A radical empiricist argument for restriction

4 Wittgenstein: A ‘normative community practice’ argument for restriction

5 Against restricting the evidence base

6 A detailed example

Acknowledgements

Bibliography

Emotion: Competing Theories and Philosophical Issues

1 Introduction

2 Theories of emotion

3 Three philosophical issues

Bibliography

Simulation

1 Introduction

2 Alternatives to simulation

3 Simulation theory

4 Development: False-belief tasks

5 Simulation and mirror systems

6 Simulation and imagery

7 Simulational mindreading of emotions

8 High-level mindreading

9 Conclusion

Bibliography

The Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of Cognitive Neuroscience

1 Trends in the contributing research areas

2 Cognitive neuroscience methodology

Bibliography

Computational Neuroscience

1 Overview

2 Representation

3 Computation

4 Dynamics

5 Synthesis

6 Cognition

Bibliography

Psychopathology: Minding Mental Illness

1 What is mental illness?

2 Mental qua mental illness

3 Clarification of proposal

4 Mental distress and problems of living

5 Conscious representational content

6 Restricting the mental

7 Broken brain

8 Conscious representational content and environmental interaction

9 Mental illness regimented and treated

10 Conclusion

Bibliography

The Adaptive Programme of Evolutionary Psychology

1 The program of evolutionary psychology

2 Engineering design and EP

3 Dynamic models of natural selection

4 Dynamic models of design

5 Phylogeny and adaptation

6 Conclusion: Evolutionary psychology and evolution

Bibliography

Situated Cognition

1 Introduction

2 Examples

3 Epistemological Reflections

Acknowledgements

Bibliography

Artificial Intelligence: History, Foundations, and Philosophical Issues

Part One The History and Development of Artificial Intelligence

1 The origins of AI

2 Early AI programs

3 Micro-world AI

4 The development of neuron-like computing

5 Nouvelle AI

Part Two Philosophical Issues

6 The turing test

7 The Chinese room argument

8 Hypercomputation

9 Penrose’s ‘Gödel objection’ to AI

Bibliography

Index