Stress Variation in English

Acknowledgements

1 Introduction

1.1 Scope of the study

1.2 Previous studies

1.3 Structure of the book

2 Theoretical preliminaries

2.1 Stress vs. accent

2.2 Primary stress vs. secondary stress

2.3 Stress?/?accent vs. no stress

2.4 Stress placement across the globe

3 Methodology

3.1 Dictionary-based study: OED

3.2 Other resources and tools

3.3 YouTube-based study

4 Stress assignment in English

4.1 Monosyllables

4.2 Disyllables

4.2.1 Stress preservation

4.2.2 Segmental length

4.2.3 Suffix-like endings

4.2.4 Hiatus resolution and?/?or vowel elision

4.2.5 Disyllables as parts of longer words

4.2.6 Rhythm, emphasis, and semantics

4.2.7 Compounds

4.2.8 Summary

4.3 Three and more syllables

4.3.1 Suffixed and back-derivatives

4.3.2 Prefixation

4.3.3 More on penultimate stress

4.3.4 Stress non-preservation

4.3.5 Stress shifts

4.3.6 Segmental length in trisyllables

4.3.7 Suffix-like endings

4.3.8 Heavy ults in trisyllables

4.3.9 Foreignness

4.?3.?10 Summary

4.4 Secondary stress

4.5 Concatenations of words

4.6 Across-varietal differences?

5 Case studies

5.1 Stress variation in the OED

5.1.1 Overall results

5.1.2 Degree-of-stress variation

5.1.3 Location-of-stress variation

5.1.3.1 Penultimate vs. antepenultimate stress

5.1.3.2 Final vs. penultimate stress

5.1.3.3 Final stress vs. other stresses

5.1.3.4 Other categories

5.1.4 Left-/right-prominence vs. word stress

5.1.5 Stresslessness

5.1.6 Hiatus resolution

5.2 Stress variation in YouTube

5.2.1 Overall results: YouTube vs. OED

5.2.2 Adjacent words

5.2.3 Vowel effect

5.2.4 More on stress non-preservation

5.2.5 More on disyllables

5.2.6 Final stress in trisyllables

5.2.7 Hiatus resolution

5.2.8 Within-speaker variation

5.2.9 Summary

6 Concluding remarks

6.1 English as a Germanic language

6.2 Future work

7 References

7.1 Dictionaries?/?databases and corpora

7.2 Software and online tools

7.3 Literature

8 Appendix

9 Index