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A Natural Experiment on Electoral Law Reform - Evaluating the Long Run Consequences of 1990s Electoral Reform in Italy and Japan
von: Daniela Giannetti, Bernard Grofman
Springer-Verlag, 2011
ISBN: 9781441972286 , 162 Seiten
Format: PDF
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen
Preis: 96,29 EUR
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A Natural Experiment on Electoral Law Reform - Evaluating the Long Run Consequences of 1990s Electoral Reform in Italy and Japan
Acknowledgments
6
Contents
8
Chapter 1: Introduction: Long-Run Consequences of Electoral Rules Change: Comparing Italy and Japan
12
Origins of Electoral Reform in Italy and Japan
13
Italy (1947–1993)
14
Japan (1947–1994)
15
Continuing the Process of Reform?
16
Changes in the Electoral Rules in Italy and Japan
16
Electoral Reform in Italy, 1993
16
Electoral Reform in Italy, 2005
17
Electoral Reform in Japan, 1994
18
Expected Impact and Actual Consequences of Electoral System Change in Italy and Japan
19
Overview of the Chapters
21
Sec11_1
12
Chapter 2: Party Competition Under New Electoral Rules in Italy and Japan, 1994–2009
24
Introduction
24
Outlining Electoral System Changes in Italy and Japan
25
Comparing the 1993 and 2005 Electoral Reforms in Italy
25
Electoral System Choice
25
Preelectoral Coalitions Under the 1993 and 2005 Electoral Laws
27
Differences in Rules for Electing the Chamber and the Senate
27
The 1994 Electoral Reform in Japan
28
Party Competition Under the New Electoral Rules in Italy and Japan
29
Formation of Preelectoral Coalitions in Italy
30
Strategic Adjustments by Japanese Parties and Formation of Post-electoral Coalitions
33
Electoral Outcomes and Government Formation in Italy and Japan, 1994–2009
35
Five Italian Elections (1994–2008): Bipolarism, Party System Fragmentation, and Alternating Governments
35
Five Japanese Elections (1996–2009): Steps Toward Bipartisanship
38
Concluding Remarks: Similarities and Differences
43
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Chapter 3: The Changing Bases of Party Support in Italy and Japan: Similarities and Differences
44
Introduction
44
Change in Party Dominance
45
The DC Party in Italy: From Dominance to Dissolution
45
The LDP Party in Japan: From Dominance to Historical Defeat
48
Change in Sociodemographic Support Base of the Parties
49
Italy: Change in Structural Bases of Electoral Support for the Parties
50
Japan: Change in Structural Bases of Electoral Supportfor the Parties
52
Change in Geographic Support Base of the Parties
55
Political Regions in Italy
55
Urban Versus Rural Areas in Japan
58
Change in the Ideological Structure of Party Competition
60
The Policy Space in Italy
60
The Policy Space in Japan
64
Conclusion
67
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Chapter 4: Nominating Candidates Under New Rules in Italy and Japan: You Cannot Bargain with Resources You Do Not Have
69
Introduction
69
SMD Nominations in Italy
70
SMD Nominations in Japan
73
Mobile Italian Candidates, Immobile Japanese Candidates
76
Was the Devil in the Details or in the Context?
78
Details That Might Contain a Devil
79
Electoral Systems, Political Context, and History
83
Chapter 5: Electoral Reform and Factional Politics in Italy and Japan
84
Introduction
84
From Factions to Parties: Electoral Reform and the Birth of Post-DC Parties in Italy
85
Post-DC Parties and Electoral Competition
87
Post-DC Parties in Government
90
Post-DC Parties Today
92
Japanese Electoral Reform and the Fate of LDP Factions
93
Leadership Selection: Choosing the LDP President
94
Cabinet Appointments
95
Factional Affiliation Decisions
97
LDP Factions Today
97
Conclusion
100
Chapter 6: Electoral Reform in Italy and Japan: Unanticipated Outcomes?
104
Introduction
104
Popular Discontent with the Previous Systems
105
Reform
106
What Happened After Reform?
107
Why the “Unanticipated” Outcomes?
109
Treating as “Proximal” Effects Dependent Variables that Are “Distal” Effects of Electoral Rules
109
The Reform Process
114
Insufficient Attention to Less-High-Profile Rules
115
Electoral Systems Are Not Sufficient Explanation
115
Competitive Context
117
Conclusion
119
Appendix A: Electoral Rules
121
Appendix B: Votes and Seats
127
Appendix C: Italian and Japanese Governments
141
Appendix D: Party Acronyms
145
Appendix E: Glossary of Electoral System Terms
147
About the Editors
154
About the Authors
155
References
157
Author Index
164
Subject Index
167
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