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Surgical Scene Generation for Virtual Reality-Based Training in Medicine
von: Matthias Harders
Springer-Verlag, 2008
ISBN: 9781848001077 , 167 Seiten
Format: PDF, OL
Kopierschutz: Wasserzeichen
Preis: 96,29 EUR
Preface
7
Contents
9
List of Figures
13
List of Tables
17
List of Acronyms
19
1 Introduction
21
1.1 Motivation
21
1.2 Surgical Education
23
1.2.1 Overview
23
1.2.2 VR-Based Training
24
1.2.3 Surgical Simulation
25
1.3 Training Scene Generation
28
1.4 Outline
30
2 Geometry
33
2.1 Introduction
33
2.1.1 De.nitions
33
2.1.2 Relevance to Surgical Education
38
2.1.3 Process Elements
39
2.2 Previous Work Related to Surgical Simulation
40
2.3 Data Acquisition
46
2.3.1 Overview
46
2.3.2 Uterine Image Acquisition
49
2.4 Healthy Anatomy Generation
50
2.4.1 Outline
50
2.4.2 Segmentation
51
2.4.3 Statistical Model
53
2.4.4 Shape Prediction
57
2.5 Pathology Integration
59
2.5.1 Outline
59
2.5.2 Skeleton-Based Design
60
2.5.3 Cellular Automata Growth Model
62
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2.6 Volumetric Representation
70
2.7 Modeling Examples
73
3 Appearance
75
3.1 Introduction
75
3.1.1 De.nitions
75
3.1.2 Texturing in Computer Graphics
77
3.1.3 Relevance to Surgical Education
78
3.1.4 Process Elements
80
3.2 Previous Approaches in Surgery Simulation
81
3.3 Data Acquisition and Enhancement
84
3.3.1 In Vivo Image Acquisition
84
3.3.2 Image Enhancement
86
3.4 Base Texture Generation
89
3.5 Procedural Textures
90
3.5.1 Review
90
3.5.2 Generation of Simple Textures
92
3.6 Texture Synthesis
93
3.6.1 Human Texture Perception
94
3.6.2 Review
94
3.6.3 Texture Generation for Laparoscopic Simulation
100
3.6.4 Texture Generation for Hysteroscopic Simulation
112
3.7 Additional Texture Detail
117
3.7.1 Embedding of Specks into Liver Textures
118
3.7.2 Overlay of Real Follicle Textures
119
3.8 Texture Mapping
119
3.8.1 Mesh Cutting
121
3.8.2 Mesh Parameterization
125
3.9 Modelling Examples
129
4 Biomechanics
133
4.1 Introduction
133
4.1.1 Deformation Models
133
4.1.2 Tissue Parameter Acquisition
138
4.1.3 Relevance to Surgical Education
140
4.2 Previous Work
141
4.3 Genetic Optimization Approach
142
4.3.1 Outline
142
4.3.2 2D Topology Optimization
143
4.3.3 Extension to 3D Topology Identi..cation
146
4.3.4 Simultaneous Topology and Spring Constant Identification
148
4.4 Analytical Derivation
150
4.4.1 Overview
150
4.4.2 Derivation for Constant Strain Triangle
151
4.4.3 Derivation for Tetrahedral Element
154
4.5 Discussion
157
5 Conclusion
159
5.1 Summary
159
5.2 Hysteroscopy Simulation
161
5.3 Extension: Vessel Generation
162
5.4 Outlook
164
References
167
Index
185
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