Computational Vision and Medical Image Processing - Recent Trends

Preface

Contents

Automatic Segmentation of the Optic Radiation Using DTI in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Glaucoma

1 Introduction

2 Interpolation in the Space of Diffusion Tensors

3 Initial Estimation of the Optic Radiation and the Midbrain

4 Segmentation Using a Statistical Level Set Framework

5 Results and Discussion

6 Conclusion and Future Work

References

Real Time Colour Based Player Tracking in Indoor Sports

1 Introduction

2 Related Work

3 Architecture

3.1 Projected Solution

3.2 Tested Solution

4 Image Processing

4.1 Team Definition

4.2 Background Subtraction

4.3 Colour Detection

4.4 Blob Aggregation and Characterization

4.5 Real World Transformation

4.6 Player Tracking

5 Results

5.1 Overview

5.2 Sample Footage

5.3 Player Detection

5.4 Player Tracking

6 Conclusions and Future Work

References

Visualization of the Dynamics of the Female Pelvic Floor Reflex and Steady State Function

1 Introduction

1.1 Clinical Problem

1.2 Anatomical Considerations

1.3 Functional Considerations

1.4 Contribution of Imaging

1.5 Diagnostic Methods

1.6 Evaluation of the Dynamic Function of the PF Using 2D Ultrasound Imaging

2 Methods

2.1 Coordinate System of the Anatomic Structures

2.2 Motion Tracking Algorithms

2.3 Image Segmentation Algorithms

3 Results

3.1 Quantitative Analysis of the Static Characters of the UVJ-ARA-SP Triangle

3.2 Automatic Detection of the UVJ-ARA-SP Triangle

3.3 Quantitative Analysis of the Dynamic Characters of the UVJ-ARA-SP Triangle

3.4 Quantitative Measurement of Dynamic Parameters of the UVJ-ARA-SP Triangle

3.5 The Kinematical Analysis of the Activities of the UVJ-ARA-SP Triangle

3.6 Motion Tracking Algorithms

3.7 Visualization of the Dynamic Profiles of the Urethra

3.8 Visualization of the Timing of the Dynamic Profiles

4 Bio Mechanical Properties of Pelvic Floor Function Using the Vaginal Probe

4.1 Temporal/Spatial Visualization

4.2 Resting Closure Profiles

5 Discussion

References

Population Exposure and Impact Assessment: Benefits of Modeling Urban Land Use in Very High Spatial and Thematic Detail

1 Introduction

2 Data and Study Area

2.1 Study Area

2.2 Remote Sensing Data and Ancillary Space-Related Information

3 Multi-Source Modeling of Functional Urban Patterns

3.1 Object Based Image Analysis and Integrated Land Cover Classification

3.2 Progressing from Land Cover to Land Use Assessment by Adding Ancillary Space-Related Information

4 Spatial Analysis of Population Distribution Patterns

5 Exposure and Impact Assessment

5.1 Population Exposure to Earthquake Hazard

5.2 Street Noise Propagation and Affected Population

6 Conclusion and Outlook

References

Dynamic Radiography Imaging as a Tool in the Design and Validation of a Novel Intelligent Amputee Socket

1 The Need for Novel Socket Designs in a Constantly Increasing Amputee Population

2 Current State-of-the-Art Socket Evaluation Methodologies Are Inefficient in Assessing Trans-Tibial (TT) Socket Problems

3 Integrating Dynamic Radiographic Imaging with Computer-Aided Design and Computational Modeling in Socket Evaluation

4 SMARTsocket: An Example of Integration of Dynamic Imaging, CAD-CAE and FE Methods in Socket Evaluation

5 Conclusion

References

A Discrete Level Set Approach for Texture Analysis of Microscopic Liver Images

1 Introduction

2 Mathematical Formulation

2.1 Discrete Level Set Theory

2.2 Texture Analysis of Liver Tissue

2.3 The Proposed Algorithm

3 Morphological and Texture Parameters Identification

4 Numerical Results

5 Conclusions

References

Deformable and Functional Models

1 Introduction

2 Deformable Models

2.1 Energy-Minimizing Snakes

2.2 Dynamic Snakes

2.3 Discretization and Numerical Simulation

2.4 Probabilistic (Bayesian) Interpretation

2.5 Higher-Dimensional Generalizations

2.5.1 Deformable Surfaces

2.6 Topology-Adaptive Deformable Models

2.6.1 Topology-Adaptive Snakes

2.6.2 Topology-Adaptive Deformable Surfaces

2.7 Deformable Organisms

3 Functional Models

3.1 Facial Simulation

3.2 Biomechanically Simulating and Controlling the Neck-Head-Face Complex

3.3 Comprehensive Biomechanical Simulation of the Human Body

4 Conclusion

References

Medical-GiD: From Medical Images to Simulations, 4D MRI Flow Analysis

1 Introduction

2 Methodology

2.1 Medical-GiD

2.2 Architecture Design

2.3 Magnetic Resonance

2.4 Segmentation and Meshing for Computational Simulations

3 Results

3.1 Aortic Blood Flow Analysis

3.2 Blood Flow Velocity Decoding

3.3 Numerical Simulation

4 Conclusion

References

KM and KHM Clustering Techniques for Colour Image Quantisation

1 Introduction

2 Clustering Techniques

2.1 KM Technique

2.2 KHM Technique

3 Tools for Evaluation of Quantisers

4 KM versus KHM: Comparison Tests

5 Choice of Initialisation Method

6 Empty Clusters

7 Conclusions

References

Caries Detection in Panoramic Dental X-ray Images

1 Introduction

1.1 Dental X-ray

1.2 Main Applications

1.3 Clinical Environments

1.4 Biometrics

1.5 Teeth Segmentation

1.6 Active Contours Without Edges

2 Main Goal/Motivation

3 Data-Set

3.1 Morphological Properties

4 Method

4.1 ROI Definition

4.2 Jaws Partition

4.3 Teeth Gap Valley Detection

4.4 Teeth Division

4.5 Tooth Segmentation

4.6 Dental Caries Classification

5 Results

5.1 Segmentation

5.2 Classification

6 Conclusion and Further Work

References

Noisy Medical Image Edge Detection Algorithm Based on a Morphological Gradient Using Uninorms

1 Introduction

2 Fuzzy Morphological Operators and Its Properties

3 The Proposed Edge Detector Algorithm

4 Experimental Results and Analysis

5 Conclusions and Future Work

References

Leveraging Graphics Hardware for an Automatic Classification of Bone Tissue

1 Introduction

2 Zernike Moments

2.1 Optimizations

2.2 Input Images

3 Using GPUs to Compute Zernike Moments

4 Performance Analysis

4.1 Hardware Resources

4.2 GPU Implementation

4.3 Performance Against Existing Methods

5 Classification of Bone Tissue Using Zernike Moments

5.1 The Biomedical Problem

5.2 A Preliminary Selection of Zernike Moments

5.3 Searching for the Optimal Vector of Features

5.3.1 Candidate Vectors

5.3.2 Classifiers Used

5.3.3 Training Samples and Input Tiles

5.3.4 Classification Results

5.3.5 The Rank of Favorite Zernike Moments

6 Summary and Conclusions

References

A Novel Template-Based Approach to the Segmentation of the Hippocampal Region

1 Introduction

2 The Pipeline

2.1 Images Dataset

2.2 Extraction of the Hippocampal Boxes

2.3 Selection of Templates

3 Constrained Gaussian Mixture Model Segmentation of the Brain

4 Hippocampal Mask Template Generation

4.1 STAPLE

4.1.1 The Algorithm

4.2 Our Strategy

4.2.1 Initialisation Strategy

4.2.2 Convergence Check

4.2.3 Model Parameters

5 Experimental Assessment

6 Conclusions

References

Model-Based Segmentation and Fusion of 3D Computed Tomography and 3D Ultrasound of the Eye for Radiotherapy Planning

1 Introduction

2 Related Works on Eye Segmentation

3 Eye Segmentation in the Active Contour Framework

3.1 Practical Implementation and Optimization Strategy

3.1.1 Eyeball Segmentation

3.1.2 Lens Segmentation

3.1.3 Optimization

3.2 Segmentation Results and Validation

4 Image Fusion

4.1 Landmark-Based Registration

4.2 Object-Based Transformation

5 Discussion

References

Flow of a Blood Analogue Solution Through Microfabricated Hyperbolic Contractions

1 Introduction

2 Experimental

2.1 Microchannel Geometry

2.2 Flow Visualization

2.3 Rheological Characterization

3 Results

3.1 Newtonian Fluid Flow Patterns

3.2 Viscoelastic Fluid Flow Patterns

4 Conclusions

References

Molecular Imaging of Hypoxia Using Genetic Biosensors

1 Introduction

1.1 Optical Methods in Molecular Imaging

1.2 Bioluminescence Resonant Energy Transfer (BRET)

1.3 Hypoxia as a Tumoral Aggresivity Marker in Cancer

2 Materials and Methods

2.1 Plasmid Construction

2.2 Cell Culture

2.3 Transfections

2.4 Luciferase Assay

2.5 Spectrophotometric Profile of the Fusion Protein

2.6 Confocal Microscopy

2.7 Fluorescence--Bioluminescence In Vivo Assays and Animal Care

3 Results

3.1 Outline of the Hypoxia Genetically Encoded Biosensor

3.2 Spectrophotometric Characterization of the Fusion Protein

3.3 In Vitro Inducible Response of the Biosensor to HIF-1

3.4 In Vivo Inducible Response of the Biosensor to HIF-1

3.5 In Vivo Bloluminiscence Resonance Energy Transfer Assessment

4 Discussion and Conclusions

References

Microscale Flow Dynamics of Red Blood Cells in Microchannels: An Experimental and Numerical Analysis

1 Introduction

2 Materials and Methods

2.1 Fabrication of the Microchannels

2.2 Working Fluids and Geometry of the Bifurcation

2.3 Confocal Micro-PTV Experimental Set-Up

2.4 Simulation Method

3 Results and Discussion

4 Limitations and Future Directions

5 Conclusions

References

Two Approaches for Automatic Nuclei Cell Counting in Low Resolution Fluorescence Images

1 Introduction

2 Related Work

3 The Proposed System

3.1 Acquisition

3.2 Preprocessing

3.3 Segmentation

3.3.1 Thresholding

3.3.2 Post Processing

3.4 Nuclei Counting

3.4.1 A First Approach, Based on Rules

3.4.2 The SVM Classifier Approach

4 Implementation and Tests

4.1 Implementation

4.2 Test Protocol

4.3 Results

5 Conclusion

References

Cerebral Aneurysms: A Patient-Specific and Image-Based Management Pipeline

1 Introduction

2 Patient-Specific and Image-Based Data Processing Pipeline

3 Anatomical Modeling: From Medical Images to Anatomical Models

4 Morphological Analysis: From Anatomical Models to Shape Descriptors

5 Morphodynamic Analysis: Evaluating Temporal Changes in Medical Images

5.1 Quantification of Volumetric Changes

5.2 Wall Motion Estimation

6 Structural Analysis: Estimating Aneurysm Wall Mechanical Properties

7 Computational Hemodynamic Analysis: From Anatomical Models to Personalized Flow Descriptors

8 Endovascular Device Modeling: From Anatomical Models to Treatment Assessment

8.1 Virtual Stenting

8.2 Virtual Coiling

9 Discussion

References