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Preface
7
Contents
9
List of Contributors
11
1 Optimizing Organ Allocation and Acceptance
14
1.1 Introduction
14
1.2 Kidney Allocation System
16
1.3 Liver Allocation System
17
1.4 Optimization from the Patient’s Perspective
20
1.5 Optimization from the Societal Perspective
25
1.6 Conclusions
35
Acknowledgments
35
References
35
2 Can We Do Better? Optimization Models for Breast Cancer Screening
38
2.1 Introduction
38
2.2 Optimization Models for Mammography Screening
43
2.3 Models for Scheduling Screening Examinations
48
2.4 Optimization Models for Breast Cancer Screening (and Treatment)
57
2.5 Areas for Future Research
60
Acknowledgments
63
References
63
3 Optimization Models and Computational Approaches for Three-dimensional Conformal Radiation Treatment Planning
66
3.1 Introduction
66
3.2 Three-dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy
68
3.3 Formulating the Optimization Problems
72
3.4 Solution Quality in Clinical Perspective
78
3.5 Solution Time Reduction Techniques
84
3.6 Case Study
87
3.7 Discussion
91
References
91
4 Continuous Optimization of Beamlet Intensities for Intensity Modulated Photon and Proton Radiotherapy
95
4.1 Introduction
95
4.2 Preliminaries
99
4.3 Optimization Models for IMRT Treatment Planning
101
4.4 Sensitivity Analysis
119
4.5 Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy
121
4.6 Example Case
123
Acknowledgments
126
References
126
5 Multicriteria Optimization in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Planning
135
5.1 The IMRT Treatment Planning Problem
135
5.2 Optimization as a Virtual Engineering Process
139
5.3 Multicriteria Optimization
145
5.4 The Numerical Realization
156
5.5 Navigating the Database
160
5.6 Clinical Examples
169
5.7 Research Topics
173
Acknowledgment
174
References
174
6 Algorithms for Sequencing Multileaf Collimators
180
6.1 Introduction
180
6.2 Algorithms for SMLC
184
6.3 Algorithms for DMLC
199
6.4 Field Splitting Without Feathering
207
6.5 Minimizing the Number of Segments
217
6.6 Conclusion
221
Acknowledgment
221
References
222
7 Image Registration and Segmentation Based on Energy Minimization
224
7.1 Image Registration
224
7.2 Edge Detection and Image Segmentation
242
Acknowledgment
259
References
259
8 Optimization Techniques for Data Representations with Biomedical Applications
264
8.1 Introduction
264
8.2 Independent Component Analysis
265
8.3 Other Methods for ICA
277
8.4 Sparse Component Analysis and Blind Source Separation Using Sparseness
280
8.5 Applications
287
8.6 Conclusion
298
Acknowledgments
298
References
298
9 Algorithms for Genomics Analysis
302
9.1 Introduction
302
9.2 Phylogenetic Analysis
303
9.3 Multiple Sequence Alignment
311
9.4 Novel Graph-Theoretical–Based Genomic Models
318
9.5 Summary
329
Acknowledgment
330
References
330
10 Optimization and Data Mining in Epilepsy Research: A Review and Prospective
335
10.1 Introduction
335
10.2 Background: Epilepsy and Seizure Prediction
336
10.3 Mining EEG Time Series: Chaos in Brain
341
10.4 Optimization and Data Mining in Epilepsy Research
343
10.5 Concluding Remarks and Prospective Issues
358
Acknowledgments
360
References
360
11 Mathematical Programming Approaches for the Analysis of Microarray Data
367
11.1 Microarrays and the New Biology
367
11.2 Issues in Microarray Data Analysis
368
11.3 Analysis of Gene Expression Data: Tissue Clustering and Classification
369
11.4 Inferring Regulatory Networks
380
11.5 A Final Comment
382
11.6 Research Challenges
382
Acknowledgments
385
References
385
12 Classification and Disease Prediction via Mathematical Programming
390
12.1 Introduction
391
12.2 Mathematical Programming Approaches
395
12.3 MIP-Based Multigroup Classification Models and Applications to Medicine and Biology
410
12.4 Progress and Challenges
428
12.5 Other Methods
428
12.6 Summary and Conclusion
430
Acknowledgment
432
References
432
Index
440
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